Zabags International Journal of Islamic Studies
Welcome to ZIJIS: Zabags International Journal of Islamic Studies — ZIJIS is dedicated to advancing scholarly research and dialogue within the field of Islamic studies. ZIJIS: Zabags International Journal of Islamic Studies ISSN: 3063-8933 DOI: https://doi.org/10.61233/ Freq: May & November Publisher: Zabags Qu Publish. ZIJIS aims to provide a platform for rigorous and diverse academic contributions that deepen the understanding of Islamic Studies. +Info
Review of Islamic Law on Restrictions in the Practice of Renting a Rental Car
The car rental business is currently being developed by business people in Indonesia. With the business of providing car rental, people can choose what car they want to use by only paying rent as happened at Zabak Travel & Rental, Talang Babat Village, Muara Sabak Barat District, East Tanjung Jabung Regency. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive qualitative approach. The data sources used consist of primary data sources and secondary data sources. Data collection procedures through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques through editing, reconstruction and systematization of data. The conclusions obtained from the research results are: First, the implementation of the rental car rental agreement at the Zabak Travel & Rental car rental in Talang Babat Village contains certain requirements that must be met by all parties. Second, the review of Islamic law on the restrictions in the practice of renting a rental car at the Zabak Travel & Rental car rental in Talang Babat Village is appropriate because it fulfills the pillars and conditions mentioned in the National Sharia Council (DSN) Fatwa No. 9/DSN-MUI/2000 concerning ijarah financing. (Sighat Sewa Menyewa, namely ijab and qabul in the form of statements from both parties to the contract, either verbally or in other forms. Parties to the contract: consists of the renter/service provider and the renter/service user. The object of leasing is the benefit of the use of goods or services, which can be valued and can be implemented in the contract, as well as those that are permissible and goods must be real according to sharia provisions
Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). This article is published by Zabags International Journal of Islamic Studies and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
An Islamic Legal Review of Profit-Sharing Practices in Shrimp Fishing
This study explores the practice of profit-sharing between boat owners (juragan) and shrimp fishermen in Kampung Laut, Kuala Jambi District, through the lens of Islamic law. Rooted in a traditional system based on verbal agreements and mutual trust, this cooperation reflects a localized adaptation of the mudharabah contract, wherein the juragan provides the capital and the fishermen supply labor. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation involving key actors in the shrimp fishing sector. The findings reveal that while the operational model broadly aligns with the principles of mudharabah, several key aspects such as the absence of written agreements, the burden of loss occasionally falling on fishermen, and moral risks like dishonesty diverge from Islamic legal norms. These deviations highlight a gap between local economic practices and the doctrinal requirements of Sharia, particularly regarding justice, transparency, and equitable risk-sharing. Despite these shortcomings, the model remains effective and culturally resilient. This study contributes to the scholarly discourse by bridging empirical field insights with normative Islamic economic thought, offering a critical yet context-sensitive perspective on how Islamic principles are negotiated in real-world fishing economies.
Overtime Wage Practices in Indonesia A Qualitative Analysis Based on Islamic Economic Law at PT. Agro Jaya Perdana
The wage and overtime compensation system in Indonesia continues to face systemic challenges in ensuring fairness, transparency, and the protection of workers' rights. This study aims to examine the extent to which overtime wage practices at PT. Agro Jaya Perdana comply with Islamic economic law principles. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study strategy, the research collects data through field observations, in-depth interviews with eight key informants, and the analysis of company documents. Thematic analysis, supported by NVivo software, revealed six core themes: lack of formal employment contracts, limited worker understanding of wage calculation, disproportionate compensation relative to workload, absence of complaint mechanisms, the normalization of overtime as routine, and ethical disconnects between management and labor. These findings indicate that essential principles of Islamic economic law such as contract clarity, fair remuneration, and mutual consent are not adequately fulfilled. This article contributes to scholarly discourse by integrating normative Islamic legal perspectives with empirical labor realities, offering an evaluative framework based on maqasid al-shariah. The study provides practical implications for improving wage systems and strengthening Islamic legal literacy within industrial labor relations.
An Islamic Legal Review of the Joint Liability System Practice in PNM Mekar Financing
This study examines the implementation of the tanggung renteng (joint liability) system in microfinance practices at PNM Mekaar in Kelurahan Parit Culum 1, from the perspective of Islamic law, particularly the concept of kafalah (guarantee). The research is motivated by the discrepancy between the formal agreement of shared responsibility and the actual practice, where group leaders often bear the burden alone due to other members’ unwillingness to contribute. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation involving group members, the group leader, and the PNM branch head. The results show that although the joint liability system aims to promote collective responsibility, it is not fully understood or fairly implemented among members. In several cases, the system shifts the responsibility unfairly onto group leaders, creating moral and financial injustice. From the Islamic legal perspective, while the concept of kafalah allows for such a guarantee mechanism, it must be based on fairness, willingness, and mutual consent. This study contributes to the discourse on aligning microfinance practices with Sharia principles and recommends better socialization, transparency, and regulatory safeguards to uphold justice in group lending schemes.
Lease Contract Practices in Fishing Pond Rentals from the Perspective of Islamic Law
This study explores the leasing mechanism of fishing ponds from an Islamic legal perspective, focusing on the practice at Pojok Ikan Jambi as a case study. The background of this research is rooted in the importance of ensuring that economic transactions, particularly those involving ijarah (leasing), align with Sharia principles to guarantee fairness, transparency, and mutual benefit. The primary objective is to examine the operational system of pond rentals and assess the validity of the contract structure used within the framework of Islamic law. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through direct observation, interviews with the pond owner and customers, and documentation analysis. The findings reveal that the leasing system at Pojok Ikan Jambi operates on a time-based access model tied to a prior fish purchase, forming a composite contract structure (al-uqud al-murakkabah). Despite the informal verbal nature of the agreement, the practice meets essential criteria of Islamic leasing, including mutual consent and benefit clarity. This article contributes to the understanding of how informal community-based business models can ethically implement Islamic economic principles. The implications encourage Sharia-based contract literacy and contextually grounded policy support for micro-enterprises operating under similar informal frameworks.
Digital Islamic Banking and Millennial Preferences: A Systematic Literature Review
This article examines millennial behavioral patterns in adopting Islamic digital banking services using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the primary analytical framework. The study was conducted through a systematic literature review of empirical works published in reputable journals over the last five years, focusing on key factors influencing behavioral intention and actual usage. Data sources were drawn from international open-access databases, applying rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure relevance and quality. The review findings highlight that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, religiosity, and trust in Shariah compliance consistently emerge as dominant determinants. Moreover, social influences formed through peer groups and digital communities were found to strengthen the adoption process, especially in the millennial segment that is highly exposed to technology. These results underline the significance of integrating technological innovation with religious values to enhance user acceptance. The article contributes to the theoretical enrichment of TPB in the Islamic financial context while offering practical insights for financial institutions and policymakers to design digital banking strategies that are user-oriented, ethically grounded, and responsive to millennial digital behavior.
Early Marriage and Divorce in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review of Socioeconomic, Educational, and Health Dimensions
This article examines the complex relationship between early marriage and divorce in Indonesia, a phenomenon that continues to generate significant social, cultural, and economic implications. The study aims to identify the structural and individual factors driving early marriage and its role in increasing vulnerability to divorce, as well as to highlight the broader impacts on education, reproductive health, and social welfare. Employing a systematic literature review approach, the analysis was conducted through a comprehensive search of open-access academic journals, using inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the credibility and relevance of selected studies. The findings reveal that early marriage often correlates with limited educational attainment, gender inequality, financial instability, and insufficient reproductive health knowledge, all of which contribute to higher divorce rates. Furthermore, the review shows that cultural norms, legal inconsistencies, and the lack of effective policy implementation exacerbate the sustainability challenges of early-age marriages. This study contributes theoretically by deepening the discourse on early marriage and divorce as interconnected issues within family sociology and public health, while practically providing insights for policymakers to design preventive and empowerment-based interventions.
The Practice of Buying and Selling Used Clothes According to the Perspective of Islamic Law
This article examines the dynamics of the second-hand clothing trade in Indonesia, which has grown significantly in response to rising demand for affordable apparel while simultaneously raising concerns related to hygiene, consumer protection, and compliance with Islamic principles. The main objective of this study is to analyze the legal, economic, and religious dimensions of this practice, particularly its implications for consumer rights and alignment with maqasid shariah. Employing a systematic literature review, the research systematically maps recent studies from reputable journals over the past five years, classifies their findings into key themes, and synthesizes insights to highlight research gaps. The results reveal that while the trade in second-hand clothing provides economic opportunities and fulfills social needs, it also carries substantial risks in terms of health, safety, and halal assurance. These findings underscore the need for more comprehensive regulation and awareness to ensure that this practice remains both safe and compliant with Islamic values. The study’s contribution lies in its integrative approach, which connects economic accessibility with ethical and legal accountability, offering a valuable reference for policymakers, academics, and practitioners concerned with sustainable consumption and Islamic economic law.
Accountability in Islamic Law for Damage or Loss of Goods in Service Transactions: A Systematic Literature Review
This article examines the accountability of service providers in cases of loss or damage to goods from the perspective of Islamic law. The study aims to analyze the extent to which classical jurisprudence and contemporary scholarship offer a coherent foundation for resolving modern service-related issues. Employing a systematic literature review approach, data were gathered from open-access journal publications, focusing on works that specifically address the principles of amanah (trust) and daman (liability) within contractual frameworks. The review identifies several thematic categories, including the interpretation of accountability in classical texts, the application of liability in financial and logistics services, and the adaptation of shariah principles in contemporary service sectors. Findings reveal that accountability in Islamic law not only concerns contractual obligations but also embodies ethical and spiritual responsibilities, thereby reinforcing the protection of consumer rights in alignment with the objectives of maqasid al-shariah. The study contributes to the development of academic discourse on liability and accountability in Islamic jurisprudence while providing practical insights for policymakers and service providers in formulating fair and shariah-compliant service agreements.
A Review of Islamic Law on the Target of Grocery Stores
This study explores the integration of Islamic business ethics into marketing practices as a foundation for promoting fairness, transparency, and sustainability in contemporary business activities. The main objective is to examine how ethical principles derived from Islamic teachings influence marketing strategies and consumer trust. Using a qualitative approach, this research synthesizes findings from academic literature to identify thematic patterns and conceptual relationships relevant to the application of Shariah-compliant values in marketing. The results indicate that ethical values such as honesty, fairness, and trustworthiness are consistently emphasized in Islamic business practices and are significantly associated with building strong customer relationships and long-term business credibility. Furthermore, the review highlights trends in recent scholarly works that demonstrate the increasing relevance of ethics in digital marketing contexts, where the challenges of misinformation and consumer manipulation are more prevalent. The contribution of this study lies in providing a theoretical and practical framework that can guide businesses, policymakers, and scholars in strengthening ethical marketing practices grounded in Islamic values.
A Review of Sharia Economic Law on Excavator Leasing in Oil Palm Plantations
This study examines the practice of excavator leasing within oil palm plantation operations at Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Campus 10 Jambi from the perspective of Sharia economic law. The study is motivated by the growing demand for heavy equipment in agrarian sectors, which necessitates leasing arrangements that align with the Islamic ijarah contract. The primary objectives are to describe on-site excavator leasing practices and to evaluate their conformity with Islamic legal principles particularly regarding usufruct (benefit), clarity of compensation, rental duration, and maintenance responsibility. A qualitative field research design was employed, using in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document review involving operators, lessees, and equipment managers. Findings indicate that current practices generally adhere to core ijarah principles: agreements are entered into voluntarily, payments commonly include a fair down payment, and active on-site supervision supports contractual transparency. No explicit indications of riba, severe gharar, or systematic injustice were observed. The study contributes theoretically by extending contemporary ijarah applications to heavy-equipment leasing in agrarian contexts and offers practical guidance for drafting Sharia-compliant leasing contracts to enhance operational efficiency and legal conformity in plantation management.
An Islamic Legal Review of Fixed-Tariff Fishing at Kasdi Fishing in Rano Village
This study examines the practice of fixed-tariff recreational fishing at Kasdi Fishing in Rano Village from the perspective of Islamic law, focusing on the applicability of the ijarah contract and the prohibitions against gharar and maisir. The phenomenon where anglers pay an upfront fee without prior knowledge of catch outcomes raises questions about fairness and contractual certainty. The primary aims are to describe the tariff system in place and to assess its conformity with muamalah principles. A qualitative field approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and documentation involving the owner, visitors, community leaders, and religious authorities. Findings indicate that the upfront fee functions as a payment for the right to use facilities and time (a service-oriented ujrah), rather than as a wager on catch results; the uncertainty inherent in possible zero catch is considered a normal, light degree of risk and does not amount to major gharar or to maisir when transactions are transparent and consented. The study contributes to contemporary fiqh muamalah by extending the practical application of ijarah to recreational fisheries and by offering a service-contract model that aligns commercial practice with Islamic contractual ethics.
An Islamic Law Review of the Practice of Selling Confiscated Items at Pondok Pesantren Riyadhul Amien Danau Lamo
This study examines the practice of confiscating and subsequently selling abandoned personal items at Pondok Pesantren Riyadhul Amien Danau Lamo from the perspective of Islamic law, focusing on the legitimacy of ownership transfer and conformity with muamalah principles. The research responds to an institutional practice in which items left unattended by santri are collected by cleanliness officers, announced, cleaned, and later sold to support the pesantren’s cleaning needs. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were gathered through direct observation, in-depth interviews with administrators and students, and review of internal documentation, then analyzed via data reduction, thematic presentation, and verification. Findings indicate that confiscation and resale are conducted openly, including prior announcement, and that proceeds are allocated to communal cleaning supplies rather than private gain. From an Islamic legal standpoint, the practice may be considered permissible provided it meets the criteria of transparency, adequate announcement, and utilization for the common good (maslahah). The study contributes to extending the application of the concept of al-milkiyyah (ownership) beyond state and financial contexts into Islamic educational institutions, and offers a basis for pesantren to develop written, accountable, and sharia-compliant regulations regarding confiscated property
An Islamic Law Review of Conditional Debt Practices Between Collectors and Fishermen
This study examines conditional debt practices between collectors (fish buyers) and fishermen in Tanjung Solok Village, Kuala Jambi Subdistrict, a traditional economic relationship rooted in urgent livelihood needs yet prone to contractual inequities from an Islamic law perspective. The primary objective is to analyze how these conditional lending arrangements are executed and to assess their validity under Islamic legal principles. Employing a qualitative socio-legal (legal empiricism) approach, the research integrates field data collected through interviews, direct observation, and documentary review with normative analysis grounded in muamalah theory and contemporary contract principles in Islamic finance. Findings reveal that transactions are predominantly oral, lack written agreements or formal witnesses, and commonly impose a requirement to resell catches to the collectors at prices below prevailing market rates, producing a structural imbalance in bargaining power. Normative analysis indicates that such practices conflict with the Islamic tenets of contractual clarity, distributive justice, and the prohibition of exploitative gains. The study contributes empirically and conceptually to Islamic legal scholarship by bridging muamalah theory and ground-level practice, and it offers a foundation for community-level syariah-compliant interventions and policy measures to protect economically vulnerable fisher cohorts.
Remuneration Practices in Funeral Rites in Parit Culum 1 Village: An Islamic Law Perspective
This study analyzes remuneration practices associated with funeral rites in Parit Culum 1 Village from the perspective of Islamic law. The research responds to the social reality that payments to individuals involved in funeral management have become an established local custom, yet remain underexplored within the fiqh frameworks of ijarah and ujrah. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach, the study combines primary field data gathered through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation with a deductive analysis of relevant principles in muamalah fiqh. Findings indicate that funeral rites in the study area are organized through communal cooperation, and that remuneration, provided voluntarily in cash or in kind, is offered as an expression of appreciation for the services of funeral workers. These practices align with the key elements of ujrah under Islamic law, as they are grounded in voluntary consent, clear service provision, and the absence of coercion or commercialization of religious duty. The study contributes to fiqh muamalah scholarship by extending the application of ijarah to social-religious practices and by highlighting the legitimizing role of local custom (urf) in shaping legally acceptable, context-sensitive religious practices; it also offers an evidential basis for religious leaders and local policymakers to formulate normative guidance that reconciles sharīʿah principles with lived social realities.
A Sharia Economic Law Review of Profit-Sharing Practices
This study examines profit-sharing practices at Koperasi Insan Madani Syariah in Rantau Karya Village and evaluates their conformity with Sharia economic law. Motivated by the need for equitable Islamic economic arrangements as alternatives to interest-based mechanisms, the research aims to identify how profit-sharing is operationalized and to assess its legal-normative alignment. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis involving cooperative managers, members, and community leaders. Findings indicate that the cooperative implements profit-sharing primarily through mudharabah mutlaqah and syirkah al-inan arrangements, distributing residual income proportionally based on members’ capital contributions and transactional participation; transparency and annual deliberations reinforce member trust, while gaps remain in members’ technical understanding of nisbah calculations. The study contributes theoretically by explicating how distributive justice principles under Sharia manifest in micro-cooperative settings and offers practical insights for improving governance, member education, and accountability in Sharia microfinance institutions. The results provide an empirical reference for practitioners and policymakers seeking to strengthen Sharia-compliant profit-sharing mechanisms at the grassroots level.
The Practice of Fish Trading Using the Mid-Sea Pickup System (Nyepai) in Kampung Laut Subdistrict: An Islamic Law Perspective
This study examines the practice of fish trading conducted via the mid-sea pickup system (nyepai) in Kampung Laut Subdistrict, Tanjung Jabung Timur, from the perspective of Islamic law. Nyepai is a local trading arrangement in which buyers collect fishermen’s catches at sea prior to the vessels’ return to shore. The research aims to (1) describe the operational mechanisms of nyepai transactions and (2) evaluate their conformity with core Islamic sale principles such as clarity of the object, fairness, mutual consent, and the prohibition of gharar (excessive uncertainty). Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytic approach, data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and documentary review, and were analyzed through iterative data reduction, thematic presentation, and interpretive synthesis. Findings indicate that nyepai transactions are typically concluded verbally at sea, involve delayed physical delivery and payment, and rely heavily on interpersonal trust, factors that introduce varying degrees of transactional uncertainty. While some elements of nyepai may conflict with strict interpretations of Islamic contract principles, local mitigation practices (e.g., post-delivery inspection and compensation mechanisms) can reduce perceived unfairness and uncertainty. The study contributes empirical insights to contemporary fiqh of commercial transactions and offers a basis for developing contextually appropriate, sharia-compliant trading guidelines for coastal communities.
Retail Practice of Pertalite Fuel in Small-Scale Sales: A Perspective from Islamic Law and Presidential Regulation No. 117 of 2021
This study examines the retail sale of Pertalite fuel in Kelurahan Kampung Singkep from the perspectives of Islamic law and Presidential Regulation No. 117 of 2021. The phenomenon arises from limited public access to official fuel stations and local economic needs that give rise to informal retailing practices. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research draws on interviews, participant observation, and documentary evidence involving retailers, consumers, and community leaders engaged in these transactions. Findings indicate that small-scale Pertalite retailing operates without formal authorization, relies on simple informal distribution mechanisms, and reflects generally low legal awareness among participants. From the standpoint of Islamic jurisprudence, such transactions may be permissible when they meet standards of fairness, transparent measurement, and mutual consent, yet they risk involving gharar (uncertainty) where ownership and distribution legitimacy are unclear. Under positive law, these practices conflict with Perpres No. 117/2021, which reserves distribution and retailing of designated fuel types to authorized entities. The study contributes to Islamic economic jurisprudence and public policy debates by highlighting the need to reconcile normative fiqh principles with pragmatic regulatory frameworks to ensure equitable, legal, and accessible fuel distribution for underserved communities.
The Practice of Buying and Selling Second-hand Clothing from the Perspective of Islamic Economics
This study analyzes the practice of buying and selling second-hand clothing at Blok D Market, Geragai District, from the perspective of Islamic economics, focusing on the extent to which such trade conforms to muamalah principles—namely al-ʿadl (justice), ma‘lūm (clarity of the object), prohibition of gharar (uncertainty), and maslahah (public benefit). Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research draws on participant observation, in-depth interviews with vendors and buyers, and market documentation as primary data sources. Findings indicate two predominant transaction modalities: bulk “sack” purchases (sack) and retail sales; the former carries a higher risk of gharar because buyers cannot inspect goods prior to purchase, while the latter more readily satisfies clarity and justice principles by allowing buyers khiyar (choice) and inspection. Vendors mitigate uncertainty through systematic sorting, cleaning, and tiered pricing, thereby preserving market trust and ethical conduct aligned with Islamic values. The study contributes empirical evidence linking classical muamalah concepts to informal market practices and offers a foundation for context-sensitive guidance and policy interventions that enhance the ethical, equitable, and sustainable governance of second-hand clothing trade.
Role of Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) in the Control and Supervision of Product Halal-ness
This study examines the role of the Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) in controlling and supervising the halal status of products at the local level, using KUA Mendahara (Mendahara Ilir subdistrict) as a case study. Motivated by persistent implementation challenges in Indonesia’s Halal Product Assurance system, the research aims to clarify how KUA contributes to ensuring that halal certification follows regulatory requirements and how it monitors certified products in practice. Employing a qualitative case-study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct field observation, and document analysis, and were analyzed thematically. Findings reveal four principal functions performed by KUA: disseminating information and conducting outreach on halal certification; providing technical guidance and administrative assistance to MSMEs during the certification process; coordinating cross-institutional activities with BPJPH, MUI, and local health authorities; and carrying out post-certification monitoring through field visits and administrative checks. The study demonstrates that KUA operates as a critical institutional intermediary between national policy and local practice. Theoretically, the research extends institutional perspectives to religious local institutions in halal governance; practically, it offers evidence-based recommendations to strengthen KUA capacity and interagency collaboration to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of Indonesia’s halal assurance system.
Salam Contract in Online Transactions: A Review Based on the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law
The advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed commercial practices, including the emergence of online transactions that require legal and ethical adaptation in accordance with Sharia principles. In this context, the akad salam, a deferred sale contract in Islamic law, becomes increasingly relevant, particularly within the framework of the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law (Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, KHES). This study aims to examine the validity and relevance of akad salam in online sales based on KHES provisions and to evaluate the compatibility of e-commerce practices with the principles of fiqh muamalah. Employing a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, this research identifies, evaluates, and synthesizes scholarly literature published within the last five years that discusses akad salam, digital transactions, and Sharia economic regulations. The findings indicate that akad salam can be legally applied in online transactions, provided that essential conditions such as clarity of goods, delivery schedule, and upfront payment are fulfilled. However, gaps in understanding among business actors and limitations in digital regulations accommodating Sharia principles remain evident. This article contributes to the field by constructing a conceptual framework that integrates KHES with electronic transaction regulations and offers recommendations for policy enhancement, business education, and future research directions in the development of Sharia-compliant digital commerce.
An Islamic Legal Review of the Practice of Buying and Selling Hair Clippings
This study examines the practice of buying and selling hair clippings conducted at Lidya Salon, Talang Babat Subdistrict, from the perspective of Islamic law. Emerging within the expanding beauty industry, the commodification of human hair for extensions raises legal and ethical questions under fiqh al-mu‛āmalāt. The primary objective is to analyze the transactional mechanisms and assess their conformity with Islamic commercial principles. Employing a qualitative single-case study design, the research combines in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis with a review of contemporary fiqh literature and relevant fatwas. Findings indicate that transactions are carried out without written contracts or explicit consent from clients, and that the object traded human hair clippings poses legal concerns because it originates from the human body. From an Islamic-law perspective, the practice can be characterized as a doubtful transaction (al-mu‛āmalāt al-mashbūhah) due to elements of uncertainty and unmet requirements for a permissible object of sale. The study contributes to contemporary fiqh discourse by highlighting the need for improved Islamic-legal literacy among small beauty-business actors and for clearer religious guidance regarding the commercial use of human-derived materials in the beauty sector.